In the vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean, Tuvalu’s sinking shores stand as a haunting testament to the immediate and irreversible impacts of climate change. As this tiny island nation grapples with the encroaching sea, its plight becomes a symbol of the urgent global crisis that demands our attention. 

—

A Sinking Paradise 

In 2021, the video of a man in a suit and tie urging world leaders to take action against climate change became viral and put small island nations and their struggles with sea level rise on the spotlight. The man in the video shown at the United Nations COP26 was not a conventional statesman – he was Tuvalu’s Foreign Minister Simon Kofe, and he delivered a powerful message with his very presence in the encroaching waters. 

Nestled in the heart of the Pacific Ocean, Tuvalu, a collection of nine coral atolls and islands, emerges as a tranquil haven of natural beauty. This small island nation houses just over 11,000 people. Blessed with pristine landscapes and surrounded by azure waters, Tuvalu has long been celebrated for its unique charm. However, beneath this idyllic exterior lies a pressing and immediate challenge: the subtle yet relentless embrace of rising sea levels. 

Tuvalu’s struggle is not just a local narrative but a poignant reminder for the wider repercussions of climate change to small island nations. As this paradisiacal archipelago grapples with the looming prospect of disappearing forever, it serves as a strong wakeup call that the impacts of climate change are not a distant future but an unfolding and harsh reality that needs immediate action. 

Why Tuvalu is Sinking

Tuvalu’s vulnerability to climate change, particularly rising sea levels, is rooted in its geographical makeup. Comprising nine low-lying coral atolls and islands, Tuvalu faces the dual threats of global warming and the subsequent melting of polar ice caps and glaciers.  The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports an accelerated rise in global sea levels affecting small island states, averaging 0.2 meters (0.7 feet) over the past century. 

In addition to rising sea levels, Tuvalu is increasingly battered by more frequent and severe weather events, such as cyclones and storm surges. These events further erode the delicate balance of the island’s ecosystems, making life increasingly precarious for its residents. 

You might also like: What Is Causing Sea Levels to Rise?

Implications for the Future 

The sinking of Tuvalu holds profound implications for the global community and serves as a harbinger of what may unfold if urgent action to mitigate climate change is not taken. The loss of Tuvalu would not only displace its population but also eradicate a unique cultural heritage and history. The global community must recognize the interconnectedness of climate change, sea level rise, and the displacement of entire communities. 

As one of the smallest and most vulnerable nations, Tuvalu also signals broader threats faced by other low-lying and island nations worldwide. The delicate ecosystems of these island nations are currently under threat, endangering unique flora and fauna as rising sea levels submerge habitats, disrupting their delicate balance. Moreover, water scarcity becomes a critical issue as rising temperatures and altered rainfall patterns affect islands dependent on limited freshwater resources, endangering both human populations and agriculture. 

Additionally, coral bleaching, extreme weather events, and sea level rise will have an impact on food security, affecting agriculture and aquaculture, leading to financial instability. Lastly, the changing climate patterns brings heightened health risks creating environments conducive to the spread of vector-borne diseases, further jeopardizing the health of island populations. 

According to a 2021 World Bank report, projected sea level rise could cost the Marshall Islands, a country in the North Pacific, halfway between Hawaii and Australia, its status as a nation. It has a population of 42,050 and a land mass of 180 square kilometers (70 square miles), consisting of 1,156 individual islands, and it is currently one of the countries most at risk of disappearing due to sea level rise. 

You might also like: Coral Catastrophe: Expert Warns of Unprecedented Mass Bleaching in 2024

Tuvalu’s Foreign Minister’s Address from the Water 

In 2021, in a poignant and symbolic act, Tuvalu’s Foreign Minister Simon Kofe recorded a speech for the United Nations climate conference, COP26, standing knee-deep in seawater to highlight how Tuvalu is on the frontline of climate change. 

Standing in a suit and tie at a lectern setup in the sea, the Minister urged the global community to take immediate and decisive action to address climate change. The suit, typically associated with formal diplomacy and official addresses, juxtaposed against the watery backdrop served as a stark reminder that climate change is not a distant, abstract concern, but a reality affecting everyone. 

“We stand here today, not as a plea for sympathy, but as a call to action. The rising waters that surround us are not just threatening our homes; they are a stark warning for the entire world. Tuvalu is on the front line of climate change, but we are not alone. The fate of Tuvalu is intertwined with the fate of every nation on this planet,” the Minister declared.

His historic address declared the urgency of the situation, emphasizing that the impact of climate change is not confined to a distant future but is unfolding now. The minister implored world leaders to set aside differences and work collaboratively to reduce carbon emissions, transition to sustainable energy sources, and support vulnerable nations in addressing the inevitable changes. 

International Response 

The sinking of Tuvalu has spurred renewed attention to the urgency of climate action. However, the international response has been mixed, with some countries taking bold steps to reduce emissions, while others lag behind. The Paris Agreement, signed in 2015, was a positive step forward, committing countries to limit global warming to well below 2C above pre-industrial levels. Nevertheless, achieving these goals remains a monumental change and, considering that 2023 was the warmest year on record, it is just a matter of time before Tuvalu and other small island nations succumb to the effects of climate change, unless immediate action is taken.

The Australia-Tuvalu Climate and Migration Agreement 

On November 9, 2023, Australia and Tuvalu forged an unprecedented cooperation agreement known as the Falepili Union. This landmark deal extends a lifeline to 280 Tuvaluans annually, granting them permanent residency in Australia. The agreement encompasses three crucial aspects: climate cooperation, mobility, and security. Notably, Australia commits to assisting Tuvalu in adapting to climate impacts, contributing AU$11 million (US$7.2 million) to the Tuvalu Coastal Adaptation Project. The mobility component introduces a special pathway for Tuvaluans to live, study, and work in Australia permanently, while the security clauses include assistance following natural disasters. 

As the agreement sheds light on the future of endangered states, there is a call for reflection and international frameworks to address relocation challenges, ensuring equitable outcomes. 

You might also like: Beyond Climate Science: Cultural Loss in the Pacific Islands

The World Map Will Change

The sinking of Tuvalu is emblematic of the existential threat faced by small island nations worldwide. It urges us to reevaluate our priorities, implement sustainable practices, and take collective responsibility for the well-being of our planet. The fight against climate change is not just a battle for Tuvalu; it is a battle for the very survival of numerous vulnerable nations and the presentation of our shared global home. If we fail to heed this call, the sinking of Tuvalu may serve as a tragic prelude to the impending fate of other small island nations, completely altering the future world map, creating new borders, affecting migration patterns and geopolitics, thus making it imperative for the global community to act decisively and collaboratively in the face of this unprecedented global challenge. 

Featured image: Ministry of Justice, Communication and Foreign Affairs, Tuvalu Government/screenshot.

The post Tuvalu’s Sinking Reality: How Climate Change Is Threatening the Small Island Nation appeared first on Earth.Org.

California, known for its stunning coastline and surf-worthy waves, is experiencing a significant shift in its maritime landscape. Recent research reveals that wave heights along California’s coast have been steadily increasing. But beneath the thrill lies a challenge for the state, as it presents the need for a proactive approach to safeguard California’s climate-vulnerable shoreline. 

—

Surfers’ Paradise

Nestled between the azure expanse of the Pacific Ocean and the rugged allure of its coastal landscape, California stands as a global icon of surf culture. Renowned for its sun-drenched beaches, consistent swells, and a laid-back lifestyle that echoes the rhythm of the waves, the Golden State has earned its reputation as a surfer’s paradise. From the legendary breaks of Malibu to the powerful waves of Mavericks, California’s coastline is a playground for wave enthusiasts seeking the thrill of riding the perfect wave. However, beneath the sunlit surface and the laughter of surfers echoing along the shore, a less visible but formidable force is silently reshaping the state’s relationship with its maritime gem – a force manifested in the rising wave heights that hint at a changing climate narrative along California’s coast. 

The Changing Face of California’s Waves 

The study, conducted by Peter Bromirski, researcher emeritus at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography,  and published in August 2023 in the Journal of Geophysical Research, analyzed nearly a century’s worth of data, unveiling a noteworthy trend. Since 1969, the average height of winter waves has grown by about a foot, accompanied by an increase in the number of storm events producing waves exceeding 13 feet (4 meters) in height. This upward trajectory aligns with the rise in global temperatures, attributed largely to the burning of fossil fuels. 

You might also like: Surfing Canada’s Untamed Coasts: Balancing Conservation and Coastal Recreation

The study draws attention to the correlation between the increase in wave heights and the surge in global temperatures. Since 1970, carbon dioxide levels, a key contributor to global warming, have risen by about 90%. The consequences of this warming trend are becoming evident not only in rising wave heights but also in the broader context of climate change. 

Impacts on California’s Climate-Vulnerable Coast

While the prospect of larger waves may excite surfers, the consequences for California’s coastline are concerning. The state’s vulnerability to climate change is exacerbated by warmer ocean temperatures and freshwater inflows from melting ice caps. Sea levels along California’s 1,200-mile (1,931-kilometer) coastline have risen approximately 8 inches (20.32cm) in the last century, according to the California Coastal Commission. Without substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, this rise could escalate to feet in the coming decades. 

The Threat to California’s Beaches and Infrastructure 

As sea levels continue to rise, federal estimates predict that nearly three-quarters of California’s picturesque beaches could be eroded by the turn of the century. The California’s Legislative Analyst’s Office highlights the potential financial impact, indicating that existing property worth US$8-10 billion may be underwater within the next few decades, with an additional $6-10 billion at risk during high tides.

Bromirski emphasizes that higher waves, combined with elevated sea levels, intensify the impact on vulnerable sea cliffs and increase the risk of coastal flooding. Coastal infrastructure is particularly susceptible, raising concerns about the structural integrity of piers, seafront properties, and other essential facilities along the coastline. 

Linking Climate Change to Increased Storm Activity

Bromirski’s study contributes to a growing body of research indicating a direct correlation between human-induced climate change and heightened storm activity in the Northern Pacific Ocean. The main source of California’s winter swells is experiencing increased energy in ocean waves due to climate change, as demonstrated by a 2019 study from the University of California, Santa Cruz.

Global Trends in Wave Power

A broader perspective on climate change and wave dynamics is provided by a 2021 study conducted by an international team of researchers. The research suggests that climate change is causing a global increase in wave power, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere. The warming of global oceans intensifies wind circulation, resulting in stronger winds that, in turn, drive higher waves. 

Seismic Data: Uncovering Historical Wave Patterns 

To understand the historical changes in wave heights, Bromirski utilized seismic records dating back to 1931. By detecting seismic signals generated by wave-to-wave interactions, he gained insights into wave height variations over an extended period. This approach was crucial since traditional wave height measurements along the West Coast only began in 1980, postdating the rapid escalation of greenhouse gas emissions. 

Protecting California’s Coastline

California’s changing wave heights stand as a tangible manifestation of the broader impacts of climate change. As the world grapples with the consequences of global warming, with 2023 being named the hottest year in humankind history on record, this study serves as a stark reminder that even recreational phenomena like surfing are not immune to environmental shifts. The challenge now lies in adopting sustainable practices and mitigating further damage to California’s coastline, preserving its natural beauty, and protecting the communities that call it home. 

Featured image: Eric Saunders/Unsplash

The post Rising Waves, Rising Concerns: California’s Changing Coastal Dynamics in a Warming Climate appeared first on Earth.Org.

In the delicate embrace of the ocean lies a silent world of wonder and fragility, where vibrant coral reefs flourish beneath the waves. Yet, this intricate ecosystem, a cornerstone of marine biodiversity, is now facing an ominous threat that could push it to the brink. Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, a trailblazing coral scientist from the University of Queensland, Australia, issues a stark warning – 2024 may witness unprecedented mass coral bleaching, heralding a crisis of global proportions. As we stand on the edge of what could be an ecological catastrophe, the urgency to act becomes more imperative than ever. 

—

Coral Reefs at a Tipping Point 

Coral reefs, often called the rainforests of the sea, are disappearing at an alarming pace. The advent of 2023 heralds what experts fear could be a catastrophic period for these underwater wonders. Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, a scientist whose tireless work has shaped our understanding of ocean ecosystems, forewarns of a potential pair of El Niño years, paving the way for “unprecedented mass coral bleaching and mortality” in 2024. This dire prophecy underscores the precarious state of coral reefs globally, already reeling under the mounting pressures of climate change. 

You might also like: What Are Coral Reefs and Why Are They So Important?

Record-Breaking Temperatures Fuel Coral Crisis

The very fabric of our planet is unraveling, driven by record-breaking land and sea temperatures fueled by climate breakdowns. Professor Hoegh-Guldberg describes the situation as having reached “uncharted territory”, revealing that the upper ocean is undergoing unprecedented changes dating back to the 1980s when mass coral bleaching first emerged. The rising temperatures are not just a cause for concern; they are a glaring symptom of a planet in peril.

In a paper published in the journal Science in December 2023, US and Australian researchers highlight that historical data on sea surface temperatures over four decades suggests that this year’s extreme marine heatwaves may be a precursor to a mass bleaching and coral mortality event across the Indo-Pacific in 2024-25. 

El Niño and Warming Seas 

In this unfolding drama, the protagonist is El Niño, a climatic phenomenon characterized by warmer-than-average sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean. 2023 witnessed the inception of a potential pair of El Niño years, a phenomenon historically linked to mass coral bleaching events. Since 1997, every instance of these El Niño pairs has ushered in a global mass coral bleaching event. With the warmest average global surface sea temperature recorded from February to July, the stage is set for perilous conjunction of El Niño and rising sea temperatures, spelling potential disaster for coral reefs. 

You might also like: Extreme Heat Persists Around the World As Scientists Warn El Niño Has Yet to Peak

A Silent Cry for Help

Mass coral bleaching, akin to a silent cry for help from these delicate ecosystems, occurs when corals become stressed and expel their brown microbial algae, turning white. While the algae can return to corals at lower stress levels, the prolonged and intense heatwaves witnessed in many Caribbean reef areas have disrupted this delicate balance. Hoegh-Guldberg points out that the Caribbean has experienced historically high sea temperatures, commencing earlier and lasting longer than usually, placing immense pressure on these fragile ecosystems. “Just like us, as humans, there’s a set of temperatures at which we feel fine. But then one or two temperatures above that, and you’re dead. This is at a planetary scale. It’s a shocker.”

The Urgency of Action

“We are literally in uncharted territory, which we know very little about and don’t know how to respond to, and I think we’re dangerously exposed,” said Hoegh-Guldberg at the COP28 Climate Summit in Dubai. The uncertainty surrounding the potential consequences of a spike in temperature raises concerns about the size and impact of storms, creating an unpredictable scenario that could push coral reefs past a critical tipping point. 

Global Implications 

As coral reefs bleach and die, the ripple effects extend far beyond the ocean’s surface. The habitats that sustain countless associated reef species disappear, leading to ecosystem collapse. Hoegh-Guldberg warned that this collapse could jeopardize up to 25% of ocean biodiversity. The interconnectedness of marine ecosystems means that the loss of coral reefs could have far-reaching consequences for the millions of people in Earth’s tropical regions who depend on them for their livelihoods. 

Trusting the Science

The earth experienced its warmest day since 1910 in July 2023, highlighting the urgency of addressing the climate crisis. In light of the situation, Hoegh-Guldberg urged policymakers and world leaders to act swiftly and decisively and to “trust the science” to guide us through this perilous time. The coral crisis is not just an ecological collaboration and commitment to cooling the planet and safeguarding the future of coral reefs for generations to come. 

“This is a science-based engineering problem. We need to set the parameters. We need to define the way our planet works and do it in record time. Because we’ve got resources, we can do it. But we’ve got to be smart and involve everyone. And make sure that we get a system that’s going to cool the planet for a while, or at least not increase for a while,” he said. 

As we stand at the precipice of a potential mass coral bleaching event in 2024, the time for action is now. 

Featured image: Jordan Robins/Ocean Image Bank

The post Coral Catastrophe: Expert Warns of Unprecedented Mass Bleaching in 2024 appeared first on Earth.Org.

The 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) unfolds in Dubai, where Indigenous leaders from Canada take center stage to share the profound challenges they face due to a warming planet. Disappearing salmon stocks, dwindling caribou herds, wildfires, and a shifting landscape paint a stark picture of the consequences of climate change on their traditional territories. 

—

Beyond Material Losses

Dane de Souza, the climate change policy advisor with the Métis National Council, emphasizes that the repercussions extend far beyond material losses. ‘’It impacts how we gather at the table as a family, it impacts how we pass on our knowledge and our memories to our children from our grandparents and beyond. It impacts how we live. It impacts how we exist, and it impacts how we enjoy life in Canada,’’ he passionately expressed during a side event at COP28. 

Advocating for a Seat at the Table 

Despite the emotional toll, Indigenous leaders are pushing for more than just acknowledgement of their struggles. They are advocating for a stronger voice in shaping global strategies to combat climate change. There is a recognition that no amount of financial compensation can adequately address the intangible losses suffered by Indigenous communities. Raylene Whitford, a director with the Canadian Sustainability Standards Board, expressed pride in seeing so many Indigenous voices at COP28. “Historically, we’ve been excluded from these types of conversations. So, it’s so great to see Indigenous people from so many different countries here at the conference,” she noted. 

From Action to Strategy

The global stage provided by COP28 is an opportunity for Indigenous representatives to collaborate, share ideas, and discuss the critical issues of environment, energy, and economic prosperity. Karen Ogen, Chief Executive of the First Nations LNG Alliance, emphasized the need for careful consideration in navigating economic reconciliation and climate initiatives in Canada. “Our First Nations are continuously having to manage poverty, and we want to be able to start to manage prosperity,” Ogen said. 

The recently released National Climate Strategy by the Assembly of First Nations outlines seven priority areas, emphasizing the importance of prioritizing Indigenous knowledge and ensuring preparedness for emergencies. This proactive approach aligns with the broader global effort to address the impacts of climate change. 

Indigenous Leaders Seek Recognition for Loss and Damage 

During the initial days of COP28, a tentative deal was reached to create the world’s first climate damage fund, designed to assist developing countries in coping with climate change impacts. Although Canadian communities may not qualify for this fund, Indigenous leaders stress the importance of having their voices heard. There is a growing international focus on the issue of loss and damage from climate change, and Indigenous leaders want to ensure that their unique perspectives and experiences contribute to the global conversation. 

You might also like: Explainer: What Is ‘Loss and Damage’ Compensation?

Guardians of the Earth

Myrle Ballard, director of Indigenous science at Environment and Climate Change Canada, aptly captures the urgency of their role. “We have to be the voice for the water. We have to be the voice for the land,” she said. 

As COP28 progresses, the world watches to see if the international community will not only acknowledge but actively incorporate Indigenous wisdom and experiences into the global fight against climate change. The demand for a stronger Indigenous voice is a call for justice, resilience, and a sustainable future for all. 

Indigenous communities, being intricately connected to their environments, possess a wealth of traditional knowledge that enriches our understanding of sustainable practices and resilience. Recognizing their unique perspectives is not just a matter of representation; it is a crucial step toward more effective climate strategies. 

Indigenous voices bring to the light the nuanced impacts of climate change on cultural identity, intertwined with the very ecosystems they inhabit. By actively involving Indigenous leaders in negotiations, the global community can move beyond tokenism and tap into a wealth of wisdom that can inform policies with a deeper understanding of the intricate balance between human societies and the environment. Ignoring these voices not only perpetuates historical injustices but also risks incomplete and less effective solutions in the face of our planet’s climate crisis. 

You might also like: Indigenous Climate Storytelling Holds the Key to Climate Change Solutions in the Global South

The post Indigenous Leaders Champion a Stronger Role in Addressing Climate Change at COP28 appeared first on Earth.Org.

The 23rd Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention and its Protocols (COP23) marked a historic milestone in the pursuit of environmental protection and sustainability. Held in Portoroz, Slovenia, from 5-8 December 2023, the conference addressed the pressing issues of climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution, collectively recognized as the triple planetary crisis. The resulting Portoroz Ministerial Declaration outlines crucial steps toward a green transition in the Mediterranean region, emphasizing the urgency of action and the need for collaborative efforts. 

—

Protecting Nature in the Mediterranean

Prime Minister Robert Golob of Slovenia set the tone for the conference by highlighting the significance of nature conservation in the Mediterranean. In his address, he urged participants to prioritize this crucial issue and overcome potential obstacles, emphasizing the long-term benefits that would extend beyond political careers. The declaration underscored the commitment of the 21 countries and the European Union to radical shifts that decouple economic progress from environmental degradation, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the Mediterranean. 

Regional Cooperation and Nature-Based Solutions

Elizabeth Maruma Mrema, Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations and Deputy Executive Director of UNEP, stressed the importance of regional cooperation and nature-based solutions in the green transition. Acknowledging disparities in financial and technological resources among Mediterranean countries, she emphasized the role of science and technology, governance improvements, and public awareness in propelling the green agenda forward. 

You might also like: Explainer: What Are Nature-Based Solutions And How Can They Help Tackle the Climate Crisis?

Programme of Work and Budget 

COP23 adopted the two-year Programme of Work and budget of the Mediterranean Action Plan of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP/MAP). This initiative aims to revise the Mediterranean Strategy for Sustainable Development, aligning it with the SDGs and utilizing science as the foundation for effective action. 

The urgency of these actions was emphasized by the findings of the Mediterranean Quality Status Report (2023 MED QSR), presented at COP23.

Protecting Marine Life

One of the significant agreements reached during the conference was the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed between UNEP/MAP and the Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and contiguous Atlantic Area (ACCOBAMS). This MoU enhances cooperation to protect whale and dolphin species facing various threats, including noise, bycatch, pollution, collisions with vessels, and the impacts of climate change. In addition, six additional species of sharks and rays were added to the list of protection. 

Climate Change and Coastal Management

COP23 saw a renewed commitment to climate action with the establishment of a Regional Activity Centre on Climate Change hosted by Turkey. The Contracting Parties endorsed the Summary for Policymakers of the Special Report on Climate and Environmental Coastal Risks by MedECC. Measures were also adopted to implement Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) and Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), ensuring that economic progress does not compromise the health of marine and coastal ecosystems. 

Biodiversity Conservation 

The Portoroz Ministerial Declaration emphasized the commitment to conserve and manage at least 30% of coastal and marine areas by 2030. The Contracting Parties renewed their commitment to halt the degradation of marine and coastal biodiversity through the effective implementation of the post-2020 Biodiversity Framework and in line with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Decisions were made to extend protection to endangered marine species, and to strengthen the network of Specially Protected Areas and Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance (SPAMIs). 

You might also like: Will the 2030s Be the Decade for Global Biodiversity Conservation?

Tackling Pollution and Waste 

COP23 addressed pollution and waste through legally binding, timebound Regional Plans on agriculture, aquaculture, and urban stormwater management. The conference also recognized the need for a comprehensive approach to plastic pollution, aligning with global negotiations on a legally binding instrument. Commitments were made to implement the global framework on chemicals, and efforts were directed towards enforcing the Emission Control Area for Sulphur Oxides, underscoring the importance of air quality from ships. 

NGO Voices: Urgent Calls for Action

During COP23, the conference resonated with passionate speeches from NGOs representing Mediterranean countries, which played a pivotal role in highlighting the critical issue of marine pollution and advocating for concerted efforts to address this pressing concern. Numerous representatives from environmental groups underscored the immediate and far-reaching consequences of pollution on the Mediterranean’s fragile ecosystems. They stressed the urgency of adopting comprehensive measures to combat plastic pollution, preserve marine biodiversity, and safeguard the health of coastal communities. These impassioned pleas served as a stark reminder that the battle against marine pollution requires a collaborative approach, involving governments, NGOs, and the public alike. 

Green Transition in the Mediterranean 

As the curtains fell on the Barcelona Convention COP23, the collective determination of nations, NGOs, and advocates echoed through the Portoroz Ministerial Declaration. The commitments made to drive a green transition in the Mediterranean stand as a testament to the shared responsibility for safeguarding our planet’s natural treasures. Beyond the conference rooms and diplomatic exchanges, the real test lies in the implementation of these resolutions. The coming years will unfold the impact of the decisions made in Portoroz, and the hope is that the pledges translate into tangible actions, fostering a future where the Mediterranean thrives as a resilient and vibrant ecosystem.

The closing moments of COP23 marked not an end but a new beginning – a rallying call for a greener, more sustainable future for the Mediterranean and a reminder that the journey toward environmental stewardship is an ongoing, collective endeavor. 

Featured image: Government of Slovenia

You might also like: What Can We Expect From COP28, And What Must Happen?

The post UN Barcelona Convention COP23 Commits to a Green Transition in the Mediterranean appeared first on Earth.Org.

Groundbreaking research has revealed that more than 40% of ice shelves in Antarctica have been shrinking since 1997, with almost half showing no sign of recovery. This revelation is more than just a scientific concern; it is a global alarm bell, and it could not come at a more critical juncture in our battle against climate change. 

—

More than 40% of Antarctica’s ice shelves have been steadily shrinking since 1997, with almost half of them showing no sign of recovery, a new study has found.

The alarming discovery by researchers at the University of Leeds is a red flag, signalling a critical turning point in the ongoing battle against global warming. The findings depict that a place, once considered impervious to change, is now revealing the stark reality of our climate crisis. 

The Startling Revelation 

The team of scientists behind the study embarked on a daring mission to explore the dynamics of Antarctica’s ice shelves. What they uncovered is nothing short of alarming: from 1997 to 2021, the continent lost a staggering 7.5 trillion metric tonnes of ice. While the eastern part of Antarctica experienced a gain of 59 trillion tonnes, the western region suffered a catastrophic loss of 67 trillion tonnes. 

To understand the changing dynamics of Antarctica’s ice shelves, scientists turned to cutting-edge satellite technology. These satellites can peer through the thick polar clouds during the long, dark polar nights, providing an unprecedented view of the region’s ice health. The results, published last week in the journal Scientific Advances, offer a sobering perspective on a continent that plays a pivotal role in regulating Earth’s climate. 

The culprit behind this dramatic change? Warm water on the western side of Antarctica has been relentlessly eroding the ice shelves, while the eastern side remains relatively protected with colder waters, allowing the ice shelves to maintain or even grow. 

More on the topic: Changing Deep Ocean Currents Due to Antarctic Melting Could Have Disastrous Impact on Climate: Report

The Vital Role of Antarctica’s Ice Shelves

Antarctica’s ice shelves are not just impressive geological formations; they play a critical role in regulating the flow of glaciers into the sea. When these shelves diminish in size, glaciers release large quantities of freshwater into the ocean. This influx of freshwater disrupts the currents of the Southern Ocean, a phenomenon with far-reaching consequences. Dr. Benjamin Davidson, the lead researcher, sheds light on this intricate balance.

“There is a mixed picture of ice-shelf deterioration, and this is to do with the ocean temperature and ocean currents around Antarctica,” he said. 

Indeed, while the western part is exposed to warm water that erodes the ice from beneath, a band of cold water along the eastern coast acts as a protective shield for much of East Antarctica. 

The loss of 67 trillion metric tonnes of freshwater into the ocean over a span of 25 years has significant implications for global climate patterns. Ocean currents serve as the conveyor belts of heat and nutrients, and any disruption can have a profound impact on weather patterns, fisheries, and ecosystems worldwide. Antarctica’s plight is not confined to its icy borders; its fate is intertwined with the fate of the entire planet. 

Climate Crisis Connection 

The link between Antarctica’s ice loss and the broader climate crisis is undeniable. In a natural cycle, one might expect periods of ice shelf shrinkage followed by slow regrowth. However, this study reveals a different reality: the majority of the shrinking ice shelves are showing no sign of recovery. 

Scientists state the ice loss is a result of the climate crisis because there would be more ice regrowing if it was part of a natural cycle. 

“We expected most ice shelves to go through cycles of rapid, but short-lived shrinking, then to regrow slowly,” said Davidson. “Instead, we see that almost half of them are shrinking with no sign of recovery.”

The situation in Antarctica is further exacerbated by recent research, which suggests that it is warming at nearly twice the rate of the rest of the world, exceeding predictions made by climate models. Scientists in France analysed 78 Antarctic ice cores to recreate temperatures going back 1,000 years and found that warming across the continent was outside what could be expected from natural swings. 

According to the UN’s World Meteorological Organisation (WMO), temperatures in Antarctica have increased by almost 3C over the past 50 years, with glaciers experiencing an accelerated retreat. Because the Antarctic ice sheet contains 58 metres (190 feet) of sea level rise equivalent over several centuries, scientists are growing worried about its recent behaviour. 

Its mass losses of ice between 1992 and 2011 accounted for 4mm of sea level rise and almost 18% of the total global sea level rise in the period 2012-2017, a study found. By the end of the current century, the melting of the Antarctic ice sheets could contribute up to one metre (3.3 feet) to sea level rise.

And with an additional heating of at least 0.4C now virtually unavoidable, a paper published in August concluded that the continent will experience more pronounced extreme weather events in the years to come.

A Message of Urgency

In the face of Antarctica’s dwindling ice shelves, we stand at a critical crossroad. These findings underscore the urgency of addressing the climate crisis, not as a distant threat but as a present reality. As we explore the mysteries of this frozen continent, we must remember that the changes in Antarctica resonate across the globe. 

With the UN climate summit, COP28, set to commence in a few weeks, all eyes are on world leaders to agree on a much-needed phase out of fossil fuels, the main culprit of global warming.

You might also like: Over 90% of Emperor Penguins Will Be Quasi-Extinct By 2100 If Current Antarctica Sea Ice Loss Rates Persist: Study

Featured image: Pixabay.

The post Antarctica Lost 7.5tn Tonnes of Ice Since 1997, Study Finds appeared first on Earth.Org.

Canada’s expansive coastline beckons surfers with its untamed beauty. As the popularity of surfing continues to rise along these pristine shores, the delicate balance between coastal recreation and conservation efforts comes into focus, raising questions about the impact on the landscape, marine biodiversity, and indigenous cultural heritage. Explore the intriguing challenge of preserving nature’s wonders while riding the perfect wave in Canada. 

—

Canada’s breathtaking coastline stretches for over 202,000 kilometres, making it the longest coastline in the world. Nestled along Canada’s majestic coastlines, a captivating world of untamed beauty awaits. From the rugged cliffs of Newfoundland and Labrador to the temperate shores of British Columbia, this vast expense of shoreline is a testament to the country’s natural beauty and diversity. 

The country’s pristine coasts have long been a source of wonder and inspiration, attracting adventurers and nature enthusiasts from all over the world. Among the many activities that draw people to Canada’s coasts, surfing has gained popularity in recent years, with thousands of adventures visiting the Canadian coastline to ride the perfect wave. 

However, beneath the surface of this surfing paradise lies a delicate balance to be struck – one that weaves together the allure of coastal recreation with the urgent call for conservation efforts. Are surfers real beach warriors who embrace the beauty of the waves they seek to tame, or do they pose harm to marine biodiversity and indigenous cultural heritage? 

The Allure of Canada’s Shores 

The allure of Canada’s untamed coasts lies in their pristine beauty and unspoiled landscapes. From the remote stretches of British Columbia to the wild shores of Nova Scotia, the country’s coastlines are teeming with diverse ecosystems, wildlife, and unique geological formations. Protecting these fragile environments is paramount to preserving Canada’s natural heritage for future generations. 

West Vancouver is a popular surf spot for adventure enthusiasts from around the world. Photo: James Martin.

Canada’s coasts are not just mere surf spots; they are thriving ecosystems teeming with life. The cold waters are home to a rich diversity of marine species, including seals, whales, and countless fish. Coastal habitats are essential for migratory birds, providing rest stops on their long journeys. And let’s not forget the importance of kelp forests and seagrass beds in absorbing carbon dioxide and maintaining healthy ocean ecosystems. These coastal areas are the lifeblood of our planet, and they deserve our utmost respect and protection. 

Surfing, a sport rooted in harmony with nature, presents both an opportunity and a challenge in this conservation effort. As surfers paddle out into the waves and ride them to shore, they become intimately connected with the ocean and its surroundings. However, the rapid growth of the sport and its associated infrastructure, such as surf schools, rental shops, and beachfront developments, can have unintended consequences for the environment. 

Canada’s coasts are not just mere surf spots; they are thriving ecosystems teeming with life. Photo: Adrian Dorst/Pinterest.

Surfing as an Ecological Conundrum 

Surfing, like any recreational activity, has the potential to impact the environment. However, it is essential to recognise that surfers are not inherently destructive to coastal ecosystems. Instead, the way surfing is practiced, regulated, and the awareness of its ecological footprint determine whether it contributes positively or negatively to the environment. 

One of the most glaring issues is the strain placed on local infrastructures. Many surf destinations lack the necessary facilities and resources to handle a sudden surge in visitors. This often leads to overcrowded lineups, increased waste, and inadequate waste disposal systems, resulting in the pollution of pristine coastal environments. In addition, the commodification of surf spots can drive up living costs for locals, pushing them out of their homes and eroding the authenticity of once-charming communities. As waves become overcrowded and competitive, tensions can flare among surfers and local communities, disrupting the peaceful harmony that the ocean has to offer. 

Speaking to Patagonia, Australian surfer and activist Dave Rastovich and Southern Californian surfer Greg Long highlight that there can be a lot of negative repercussions from an influx of tourism of any kind if the area’s infrastructure is not set up to support it. In their opinion, a lot of places have changed to cater to the materialistic behaviours and desires of the fast-paced Westernised world. Taking Bali as an example, both activists agree that places with an incredible cultural and wave-rich environment are put under a lot of duress and pressure, often resulting in plastic pollution and loss of local culture. 

Surfing, like any recreational activity, has the potential to impact the environment. Photo: Marcus Paladino/North Island College.

Surf Tourism’s Impact on Tofino, British Columbia 

An example that reflects the two surfers’ concerns is Tofino, a coastal town in Canada’s British Columbia. 

Tofino is renowned for its natural beauty, including pristine beaches and world-class surf breaks. Over the years, Tofino has become a popular destination for surfers and tourists from around the world, seeking to experience the rugged charm of Vancouver Island’s west coast. However, the rapid growth of surf tourism in Tofino has brought several challenges. The area’s infrastructure, originally designed to cater to a smaller local population, has struggled to cope with the influx of visitors. This led to issues such as traffic congestion, inadequate waste management, and overcrowding at popular surf breaks. 

In addition, housing availability and affordability has become a critical issue for employers and employees alike. The cost of living is high; Tofitians pay on average 12% more for a bag of groceries than their neighbours in Port Alberni, a winding 90-minute drive east over rugged Sutton Pass on Highway 4. Indeed, the rise in real estate development, driven by the demand for vacation homes and accommodations, has also driven up housing costs, making it increasingly difficult for residents to afford to live in their own community. As a result, Tofino has faced concerns about gentrification and the potential loss of its unique cultural character. 

Coastal recreation is a way of life for many Canadians, providing opportunities for relaxation, exercise, and connection with nature. Credit: Tofino Surf Photography/Keenan Bush.

This is further reflected when in 2019 the Clayoquot Biosphere Trust and the District of Tofino joined forces to host the Vital Conversation on Sustainable Tourism. It brought stakeholders together from the business sector, First Nations, non-profit, and government sectors to talk about tourism. It was a testy conversation that revealed an angst about the impact of tourism, particularly regarding the demands for high-cost infrastructure, such as water, waste management, and roads. It reflected the residents’ sense of well-being and an overall concern about continued visitor growth at the expense of environmental integrity. 

Surf Tourism and Indigenous Cultural Heritage 

The surge in popularity of surf tourism has also impacted Indigenous cultural heritage, especially in the region of British Columbia. Many of the coastal areas in the province hold deep spiritual and historical significance for indigenous communities, often serving as sites of traditional ceremonies, storytelling, and connection to ancestral lands. The influx of surfers and tourists can disrupt these sacred spaces, potentially leading to the erosion of Indigenous cultural heritage. The noise, increased foot traffic, and changes in the natural environment can disrupt the tranquility and sanctity of these areas. 

The surge in popularity of surf tourism has also impacted Indigenous cultural heritage, especially in the region of British Columbia. Photo: Off Track Travel.

Moreover, the commercialisation of surf tourism can sometimes overshadow the voices and rights of indigenous peoples, leading to a loss of control over their ancestral territories. An example of surf tourism’s impact on indigenous cultural heritage can be found in Tofino, which apart from its stunning coastal areas, is home to the Nuu-chah-nulth First Nations, who have inhabited these lands for thousands of years and maintain a profound connection to the ocean and its resources. 

The noise generated by an increasing number of visitors, the bustling crowds descending upon these revered sites, and the relentless march of commercial development have all sounded alarm bells within the Nuu-chah-nulth community. These changes raise significant concerns about the disruption of these sacred places, which are the very heart of their cultural practices. There is a palpable fear that the influx of surfers and tourists may inadvertently erode the sacredness of these places, potentially altering the indigenous cultural practices that have thrived there for centuries. 

You might also like: How to Live a More Sustainable Life in 2023

How Can Surfers and Coastal Enthusiasts Strike the Balance Between Pursuing Their Passion and Conserving Invaluable Ecosystems?

The answer lies in mindful, sustainable, and environmentally conscious practices. 

First and foremost, surfers can become stewards of the environment. Every time they paddle out, they have a responsibility to minimise their impact on the coastal ecosystems they cherish. This starts with respecting local regulations, including protected areas and wildlife habitats. It means picking up trash, reducing plastic waste, and participating in beach cleanups. Surfers should also be aware of the fragile balance between human activity and nature and strive to leave no trace in their presence. 

Indeed, surfers in Canada have already started acknowledging their impact and over the recent years, numerous initiatives and organisations have established programs that seek to protect the Canadian coastline. Surfrider Foundation Canada is a great example. The foundation, a branch of the US-based Surfrider Foundation, frequently organises beach cleanups around popular surf spots in British Columbia with much success. Most recently, its beach cleanup, which took place earlier this month, engaged surfers, university students, and children in removing waste from Victoria, British Columbia. This is a great example for other surfers to follow and become advocates for a cleaner, healthier coastal environment. 

The answer to striking a balance between coastal recreation and conservation efforts lies in mindful, sustainable, and environmentally conscious practices. Photo: Tofino Surf Photography/Keenan Bush.

But let’s not stop at individual actions. The surfing community has tremendous potential to drive change and inspire others to follow suit. Surfers are uniquely positioned to raise awareness about coastal conservation issues. Through social media, documentaries, and community events, surfers can amplify the voices of scientists, conservationists, and indigenous communities who are advocating for the protection of the Canadian coastlines. 

One inspiring example of this is the collaboration between surfers and several indigenous communities in Canada. By forging partnerships and listening to their wisdom, surfers can learn valuable lessons in conservation and sustainability. 

Introducing the Mułaa Surf Team

Educational institutions, surfers, and organisations have started acknowledging the impact of the influx of surf tourism in spaces where indigenous cultural practices thrive. As a response, the Mułaa surf team, aptly translated to “Riding Tide” in the Tla-o-qui-aht language, was established in 2019 with the mission to employ surfing as a conduit for supporting local youth and reconnecting them with the great outdoors and the vast ocean that lies in their doorstep. The team’s foundation rests on pillars such as culture, language, and surfing. 

In the heart of the unceded Tla-o-qui-aht territory near Tofino, British Columbia, Nuu-chah-nulth youth, instructors, and elders gather on the beach for a language lesson before embarking on surf lessons. These sessions offer an opportunity for these young individuals to acquire new skills while nurturing a profound connection to the island’s land and waters that their ancestors have called home for millennia. 

This initiative aligns beautifully with the rich traditions of the Nuu-chah-nulth and other Indigenous Nations that have thrived along the coasts, islands, and beaches of Vancouver Island. It i a beautiful example of how surfing is not just a mere sport but can be a bridge to accessing traditional knowledge in a contemporary setting. What is more, the Mułaa initiative strives to address the importance of representation, recognising that Indigenous territory encompasses not only the land but also the water.

By fostering a supporting and inclusive environment, Mułaa allows these youth to see themselves represented in the waves, building their comfort and confidence in the ocean while honouring their cultural heritage. Amidst the laughter and camaraderie of surfers and bobbing surfboards, the Mułaa programme empowers youth to carve out a space for themselves, nurturing new skills, and forging a deeper connection to the islands’ lands and water that have been an integral part of their heritage for generations. 

Finding a Balance Between Coastal Recreation and Conservation Efforts

The key to successful conservation efforts lies in finding common ground. Surfing, like many outdoor activities, is a source of joy, inspiration, and solace for countless individuals. It provides an opportunity to connect with the ocean on a profound level. By emphasising the connection between surfing and conservation, we can rally surfers to become true environmental champions. 

Imagine a world where surfers are not only riding waves but also advocating for cleaner oceans, supporting marine protected areas, and engaging in scientific research to better understand coastal ecosystems. 

This vision is not far-fetched, as evidenced by the work done by Surfrider Foundation Canada and the Mułaa program. As these examples depict, balancing surfing and conservation is achievable through collective action and a shared commitment to preserving the natural heritage of Canada. 

The journey of balancing conservation and coastal recreation is not an easy one, but it’s a noble and necessary endeavour. Photo: Surfline Canada.

Surfers are drawn to the ocean’s beauty and power. It is a magnetic force that pulls them to the shore, where they paddle out with salt in their hair and the horizon stretching endlessly before them. But this pull is not just about the pursuit of their own pleasure; it’s about connecting with something greater than themselves. It’s about recognising the responsibility they hold to protect the ocean and its surrounding ecosystems. 

The journey of balancing conservation and coastal recreation is not an easy one, but it’s a noble and necessary endeavour. It requires surfers and coastal enthusiasts to be advocates, educators, and protectors of the very places that fuel their passion. It demands that they see themselves as custodians of the coast, working together to ensure that future generations can experience the same awe-inspiring moments they cherish today.

Surfing Canada’s untamed coasts can be a symbol of hope and change. It can be a shining example of how humans can coexist with nature. It’s a challenge, an adventure, and a call to action. Together, surfers, local communities and local initiatives can ride the waves of change and inspire a future where conservation and coastal recreation thrive side by side. Surfers have already started working hard to build a harmonious relationship with the coastline they love so dearly, and this is a positive sign that the future of Canada’s wild coastlines can be indeed a positive one.

Featured image: Tofino Surf Photography/Keenan Bush.

You might also like: 5 Pressing Environmental Issues in Canada in 2023

The post Surfing Canada’s Untamed Coasts: Balancing Conservation and Coastal Recreation appeared first on Earth.Org.

During the Global Environment Facility’s Seventh Assembly in Vancouver last month, Canada and the United Kingdom unveiled the groundbreaking Global Biodiversity Framework Fund (GBFF), marking a pivotal moment in the global effort to combat biodiversity loss. This monumental initiative, signed by representatives of 185 countries, aims to bolster investments in nations striving to meet the goals outlined in the Kunming-Montréal Global Biodiversity Framework. This initiative marks a significant step toward addressing the pressing issue of biodiversity loss and protecting our planet’s ecosystems. 

—

Setting the Stage for Biodiversity Conservation 

The inception of the Global Biodiversity Framework Fund (GBFF) was ratified during the Global Environment Facility’s (GEF) Seventh Assembly, which took place on August 24, 2023 amidst the raging wildfires that spread out across British Columbia and the Northwestern part of Canada. This milestone comes in the wake of the United Nations’ biodiversity conference, COP15, which took place in Montréal, Quebec in December 2022. At the conference, international delegates committed to a set of goals enshrined in the Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). The framework serves as a roadmap designed to halt and reverse biodiversity loss, putting nature on a path to recovery by 2030. 

“We welcome the ratification and launch of the fund. We also welcome the contributions from donors which will facilitate the early operationalisation of the fund in advance of COP16. This shows the determination of the world community to implement the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, and shows that the world is moving from agreement to action,” said David Cooper, Acting Executive Secretary of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity.

Negotiators and representatives from 195 countries and more than 1,300 organisations gathered in Montreal for COP15 reached a historic deal to protect the world’s biodiversity and provide finance to restore habitats in the developing world.

With its ambitious objectives – including the 30×30 goal requiring the effective conservation or restoration of at least 30% of terrestrial, inland water, coastal, and marine areas by 2030, whilst also recognising the important role of Indigenous communities in preserving our ecosystems – the framework provides a holistic approach to addressing biodiversity loss. However, its successful implementation hinges on substantial financial support, particularly for developing countries that harbor the world’s richest biodiversity. Indeed, while the signing of the GBF during COP15 proved to be an ambitious moment for the world, its true success depends on the equitable flow of financial aid from developed to developing countries. 

Nearly nine months later, the GEF took the necessary step to mobilise and accelerate investment from various sources to support nations in their efforts to conserve and sustainably manage biodiversity. 

You might also like: The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Explained

Why Is Global Biodiversity Framework Fund Important?

The urgency of this initiative cannot be overstated. According to a comprehensive assessment by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) in 2019, approximately one million species of plants and animals face extinction due to a range of factors, including wildfires, flooding, extreme weather events, and unsustainable human activities such as industrial agriculture, consumption patterns, and urban expansion. 

The commitment to this fund was bolstered by the initial contributions of two nations: Canada pledged CA$200 million (US$146.8 million), and the UK pledged £10 million (US$12.58 million) to kickstart the fund’s capitalisation. Canada also announced an additional CA$22.8 million (US$16.8 million) in funding for the Global Environment Facility’s eighth replenishment, demonstrating its commitment to addressing the interconnected challenges of climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. 

Empowering Indigenous and Local Communities 

A key feature of the GBFF is its commitment to supporting Indigenous and local action to protect and conserve biodiversity. Approximately 20% of the fund’s resources are earmarked for this purpose. This is a significant development, as Indigenous groups have often been sidelined when it comes to receiving biodiversity and climate funds. The fund’s establishment aligns with the GBF’s goals, which recognise the crucial role and rights of Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs) in conserving biodiversity in their lands and territories. The framework also emphasises their equitable participation in decision-making processes.

Lucy Mulenkei, co-chair of the International Indigenous Forum on Biodiversity (IIFB) and a member of the Indigenous advisory group to the Global Environmental Facility, expressed hope and motivation in response to the fund’s commitment to supporting IPLCs. She highlighted the importance of recognising and supporting efforts to conserve biodiversity at the local level. 

“The creation of this fund and its commitment to supporting Indigenous Peoples and local communities is an important and clear recognition of the fundamental role they have had for generations protecting biodiversity. We will only achieve the shared vision of a healthy planet and healthy people with collective, inclusive actions, and a human rights approach where we all hold hands together,” said Mulenkei.

Protecting Valuable Nations 

Additionally, the GBFF places a strong focus on aiding the most vulnerable nations, including small island developing states and least developed countries, which are disproportionately affected by biodiversity loss and climate change. At least 36% of the fund’s resources are allocated to support these regions. Given the urgent need for resources to meet ambitious biodiversity targets, this commitment is a vital step in the right direction. 

Challenges and Call for Further Action 

Despite promising initial contributions, some concerns persist. The current funding falls short by an estimated US$40 million needed to operationalise the GBFF fully. Human rights and environmental activists are calling for additional contributions to ensure the fund’s effectiveness in tackling the global biodiversity crisis. The fund’s initial target is to secure at least three donors contributing a total of $200 million by December 2023, with Canada and the UK providing around $160 million. 

What is more, advocates are urging the Global Environmental Facility’s Council to take immediate action in allocating funds to Indigenous groups. They emphasise the importance of transforming the aspirational share for funding for Indigenous communities into a firm target of the agreed-upon 20% allocation. 

Towards a Brighter Biodiversity Future

Without a doubt, the launch of the Global Biodiversity Framework Fund represents a pivotal moment in global efforts to combat biodiversity loss and safeguard our planet’s rich ecosystems. With its focus on Indigenous and local empowerment and support for vulnerable nations, the fund has the potential to make a substantial contribution to achieving the goals outlined in the Kunming-Montréal Global Biodiversity Framework, effectively putting nature on a path to recovery by 2030. Nonetheless, it is imperative that the GEF secures additional commitments to guarantee the fund’s complete operationalisation and capacity to effectively confront the pressing challenges that our planet faces. It is through the collective efforts of governments, organisations, and individuals that the way for a more promising and sustainable future, where biodiversity thrives, can be paved. 

Featured image: Jean-Louis Aubert/Unsplash

You might also like: The Remarkable Benefits of Biodiversity

The post Launch of Global Biodiversity Framework Fund Marks Pivotal Moment In the Fight Against Biodiversity Loss appeared first on Earth.Org.

In an alarming display of the far-reaching impacts of climate change, NASA satellites have revealed a striking transformation in the ocean colour. More than half of the planet’s vast oceanic expanses have taken on a verdant hue due to disruptions caused by climate change, particularly affecting marine ecosystems near the equator. 

—

Over the past two decades, a remarkable shift from serene blue to vibrant green has swept across 56% of the world’s oceans, catching the attention of scientists and prompting a flurry of investigations. This subtle yet significant alteration in oceanic coloration serves as an indicator of the profound influence climate change is exerting on underwater life. 

Why Is the Ocean Turning Green?

The transformation has been tracked by NASA’s Modis-Aqua satellite, which captured the gradual transition from predominantly blue to green hues in the oceans. Astonishingly, the area impacted by this colour change surpasses the landmass of the entire planet. Researchers, led by B.B. Cael at the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton, UK, have meticulously examined the data and surmise that this green tint is an outward sign of ecosystem adjustments in response to climate change. The scientists published their peer-reviewed results in the journal Nature last month. 

While the precise causes of these shifts remain speculative, Cael and his team believe the likely catalyst is phytoplankton, the foundational organisms in many marine food chains. Phytoplankton are green algae that require sunlight to grow. This type of algae lies at the bottom of the food chain, and serves as a vital source, supporting the existence of larger lifeforms ranging from fish to seabirds. Phytoplankton are also crucial in producing a substantial portion of the Earth’s oxygen and maintaining atmospheric stability. 

In addition, phytoplankton have a significant role in capturing carbon dioxide. Through photosynthesis, they utilise chlorophyll to absorb carbon dioxide from the air while generating energy. Consequently, researchers aim to monitor phytoplankton levels in the ocean to assess the impact of climate change on their populations. Distinguishing between green (phytoplankton-rich areas) and blue (less biologically active regions) aids scientists in gauging the abundance of phytoplankton. 

As the study asserts, ‘’The effects of climate change are already being felt in the surface marine microbial ecosystem.’’

‘’I’ve been running simulations that have been telling me for years that these changes in ocean colour are going to happen,” said Stephanie Dutkiewicz, an author of the study from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). “To actually see it happening for real is not surprising, but frightening. And these changes are consistent with man-induced changes to our climate.’’

’This gives additional evidence of how human activities are affecting life on Earth over a huge spatial extent. It’s another way that humans are affecting the biosphere,” Cael commented. 

Colour-changing Oceans Could Indicate a Bigger Problem

This dramatic alteration in the ocean colour might be indicative of deeper changes within marine ecosystems. The study’s authors suggest that deeper blue hues typically point to a lower density of life, while the greener tints could signify heightened phytoplankton activity. This nuanced transformation paints a vivid picture of surface-level aquatic dynamics. However, the colour shift is further complicated by natural fluctuations in chlorophyll levels at the ocean’s surface, making it challenging to discern whether climate change is solely responsible for the shift from blue to green. 

‘’The color of the oceans has changed, and we can’t say how. But we can say that changes in colour reflect changes in plankton communities, which will impact everything that feeds on plankton. It will also change how much the ocean will take up carbon, because different types of plankton have different abilities to do that,” Dutkiewicz explained. “So, we hope people take this seriously. We can now see it happening, and the ocean is changing.’’

Phytoplankton off the coast of Vancouver Island, Canada, as pictured on June 25, 2006. Image captured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Aqua satellite. Image: Jeff Schmaltz/NASA.

Charting the Course Ahead: A New Era of Oceanic Monitoring 

Scientists initially estimated that decades of observations would be needed to identify clear trends in ocean colour changes. Moreover, disparities between satellite measurement techniques have hindered data amalgamation. To delve deeper into this colour metamorphosis, NASA is set to launch the Pace mission in January 2024. This ambitious endeavour will meticulously monitor various facets of the oceanic ecosystem, including plankton, aerosol, and cloud dynamics. 

In an era where climate change’s ramifications continue to unravel, the changing ocean colours serve as a poignant reminder of the interconnectedness between our planet’s delicate systems. As we strive to comprehend and combat the ecological impacts of climate change, these shifting hues stand as a call to action to safeguard the oceanic realms that are integral to Earth’s well-being.

Featured image: NASA/ Joshua Stevens/ Landsat data/U.S. Geological Survey/ MODIS data/ LANCE/ EOSDIS Rapid Response/ MIT.

You might also like: Global Warming Could Push Atlantic Past a Tipping Point by Mid-Century Under Current Emissions Scenario: Study

The post Green Seas: Unravelling Climate Change’s Impact on the Ocean Colour appeared first on Earth.Org.